WORLD ELECTRIC GUIDE

ELECTRIC POWER AROUND THE WORLD

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The table below summarizes information on the electrical systems in use in most countries of the world.
The voltages listed here are the “nominal” figures reported to be in use at most residential or commercial sites in the country or area named.  Most electrical power systems are prone to slight variations in voltage due to demand or other factors.  Many former 220 V countries have converted or are in the process of converting to  the EU standard of 230 V.  Generally, this difference is inconsequential, as most appliances are built to tolerate current a certain percentage above or below the rated voltage.  However, severe variations in current can damage electrical equipment.
The electric power frequency is shown in the number of hertz (cycles per second).  Even if voltages are similar, a 60-hertz clock or tape recorder may not function properly on 50 hertz current.  All systems described here use alternating current (AC).  The plug types listed indicate all types known to be in use in that country.  Not all areas of a country may use all types of plugs listed for that country, since there may be regional differences based on the power system in a certain area.
Finally, I've only included information that is likely to be relevant for travelers.  Just about everywhere listed here has higher voltage lines available for heavy duty appliances (not to mention commercial or industrial applications).  While this would be relevant for those moving to another country, I'm assuming most travelers will leave their clothes dryers, air conditioners and arc welders at home!   If you are interested in converting electrical units or sizing a generator try these Power Generator Calculators (for calculating generator size in kW, converting kW to kVA, kVA to kW, Volts, Amps, and more).

COUNTRY	VOLTAGE	FREQUENCY	PLUG	COMMENTS
Afghanistan	220 V	50 Hz	C & F *	* A UN correspondent reports C and F common in Kabul, but its likely a variety of plugs may be used around the country.  Some sources report Type D also in use.  Other reports indicate voltage variances from 160V to 280V.
Albania	220 V*	50 Hz	C & F	*Voltage variations common
Algeria	230 V	50 Hz	C* & F	*A variation of Type C with a ground post offset about 1/2-inch from center may also be found.
American Samoa	120 V	60 Hz	A, B, F & I
Andorra	230 V	50 Hz	C & F
Angola	220 V	50 Hz	C
Anguilla	110 V	60 Hz	A (maybe B)
Antigua	230 V*	60 Hz	A & B	*Airport area is reportedly Antigua power is 110 V.
Argentina	220 V	50 Hz	C & I*	*Neutral and line wires are reversed from that used in Australia and elsewhere. Click here for more.
Armenia	220 V	50 Hz	Type C Electrical Outlet & F
Aruba	127 V*	60 Hz	A, B & F	*Lago Colony 115V
Australia	240 V	50 Hz	I	*Outlets typically controlled by adjacent switch. Click here for more.
Austria	230 V	50 Hz	F	Type C may be found, but rare.
Azerbaijan	220 V	50 Hz	C, F
Azores	220 V*	50 Hz	B, C, & F	*Ponta Delgada 110 V; to be converted to 220 V
Bahamas	120 V	60 Hz	A & B
Bahrain	230 V*	50 Hz*	G	*Awali 110 V, 60 Hz
Balearic Islands	220 V	50 Hz	C & F
Bangladesh	220 V	50 Hz	A, C, D, G & K
Barbados	115V	50 Hz	A
Belarus	220 V	50 Hz	C & F
Belgium	230 V	50 Hz	E	Notes from correspondents: a 'C' style plug can be used with 'E' and 'F' receptacles.  All double-insulated appliances are indeed fitted with a 'C' plug, and can be used in any compatible receptacle (C E F and narrow L).  Type C receptacles are prohibited in Belgium.
Belize	110/220 V	60 Hz	B & G
Benin	220 V	50 Hz	E
Bermuda	120 V	60 Hz	A & B
Bhutan	230 V	50 Hz	D, F, & G	Type M plugs also identified by some sources.
Bolivia	220/230 V*	50 Hz	A & C	*La Paz & Viacha 115V
Bosnia	220 V	50 Hz	C & F
Botswana	231V	50 Hz	M	Type G may be found, but rare.
Brazil	110/220 V*	60 Hz	A & B, C	*127 V found in states of Bahia, Paraná (including Curitiba), Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Minas Gerais (though 220 V may be found in some hotels).  Other areas are 220 V only, with the exception of Fortaleza (240 V).  Outlets (click for more) are often a combination of type A and C and can accept either type plug.
Brunei	240 V	50 Hz	G
Bulgaria	230 V	50 Hz	C* & F*	*Outlets are reported as type F, though both type C and F plugs may be encountered.
Burkina Faso	220 V	50 Hz	C & E
Burundi	220 V	50 Hz	C & E
Cambodia	230 V	50 Hz	A & C*	*Some outlets are a combination of type A and C and can accept either type plug.   Plug G may be found in some hotels.
Cameroon	220 V	50 Hz	C, E
Canada	120 V	60 Hz	A & B
Canary Islands	220 V	50 Hz	C, E, & L	Type L plugs/outlets may have different pin spacing.  The smaller and closer pins are for a rated current of 10 A, the bigger and wider pins are for a rated current of 16 A.
Cape Verde	220 V	50 Hz	C & F
Cayman Islands	120 V	60 Hz	A & B
Central African Republic	220 V	50 Hz	C & E
Chad	220 V	50 Hz	D, E & F
Channel Islands	230 V	50 Hz	G
Chile	220 V	50 Hz	C & L
China, People's Republic of	220 V	50 Hz	A, I, G	The "official" plug type is like type A but slightly shorter and without holes in blades.  Type A and I outlets are common, and Type G might also be found.  Click here for photos and more info.
Colombia	110 V	60 Hz	A & B
Comoros	220 V	50 Hz	C & E
Congo, People's Rep. of	230 V	50 Hz	C & E
Congo, Dem. Rep. of (former Zaire)	220 V	50 Hz	C & D
Cook Islands	240 V	50 Hz	I
Costa Rica	120 V	60 Hz	A & B
Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)	220 V	50 Hz	C & E
Croatia	230 V	50 Hz	C & F
Cuba	110/220 V	60 Hz	A & B, C,  F & L	Most older hotels 110 V.  Some newer hotels 220 V.  Some outlets are a combination of type A and C and can accept either type plug.
Cyprus	240 V	50 Hz	G
Czech Republic	230 V	50 Hz	E
Denmark	230 V	50 Hz	C & K	Denmark's connectors have slight differences from those used elsewhere.  While pin diameter and spacing is standard, outlets may have different housing depths which could interfere with standard adaptors -- one report says this is due to "childproofing."  Also, Plug C fits into K-type outlets (but not vice versa).
Djibouti	220 V	50 Hz	C & E
Dominica	230 V	50 Hz	D & G
Dominican Republic	110 V	60 Hz	A	Type J may exist in some hotels.
East Timor	220 V	50 Hz	C, E, F, I,	A UN correspondent reports "power is poor in the country with frequent brownouts and blackouts.  I suspect that surges are frequent as we go through a lot of surge-protecting power bars."  Further he reports than Type I is common as much construction is done by Australians; type C is common in building built during Indonesian occupation; type E is less common; type F is common in offices but not hotels.
Ecuador	120-127 V	60 Hz	A & B
Egypt	220 V	50 Hz	C
El Salvador	115V	60 Hz	A & B
England (See United Kingdom)
Equatorial Guinea	220 V*	50 Hz	C & E	*Voltage varies between 150 & 175V with frequent outages
Eritrea	230 V	50 Hz	C
Estonia	230 V	50 Hz	F	Type C may be found in older buildings.  Type E plugs may work in either C or F type outlets.
Ethiopia	220 V	50 Hz	D, J, & L
Faeroe Islands	220 V	50 Hz	C & K
Falkland Islands	240 V	50 Hz	G
Fiji	240 V	50 Hz	I
Finland	230 V	50 Hz	C & F
France	230 V	50 Hz	E	Type C plugs  may be found on some appliances, and will fit the Type E outlet.  Type C outlets may be found in older buildings.  Type A may be found in older buildings but is illegal.
French Guiana	220 V	50 Hz	C, & E
Gaza	230 V	50 Hz	H
Gabon	220 V	50 Hz	C
Gambia	230 V	50 Hz	G
Georgia	220 V	50 Hz	C
Germany	230 V	50 Hz	C & F
Ghana	230 V	50 Hz	D & G
Gibraltar	240 V	50 Hz	C & G
Great Britain (See United Kingdom)
Greece	220 V	50 Hz	C, D, E & F
Greenland	220 V	50 Hz	C & K
Grenada (Windward Is.)	230 V	50 Hz	G
Guadeloupe	230 V	50 Hz	C, D, & E
Guam	110 V	60 Hz	A & B
Guatemala	120 V	60 Hz	A & B, G, & I
Guinea	220 V	50 Hz	C, F & K
Guinea-Bissau	220 V	50 Hz	C
Guyana	240 V*	60 Hz*	A B, D & G	*Inside the capital city of Georgetown, both 120 V and 240 V at either 50 or 60 Hz are found, depending on the part of the city (50 Hz most common).  Actual voltage may vary from area to area.
Haiti	110 V	60 Hz	A & B
Honduras	110 V	60 Hz	A & B
Hong Kong	220 V*	50 Hz	G, M	Type M replaced by Type G but still found.
Hungary	230 V	50 Hz	C & F
Iceland	220 V	50 Hz	C & F
India	230 V	50 Hz	C & D	Click here for photos and more info.
Indonesia	127/230 V*	50 Hz	C, F & G	*Conversion to 230 V in progress; complete in principal cities
Iran	230 V	50 Hz	C
Iraq	230 V	50 Hz	C, D, & G
Ireland (Eire)	230	50 Hz	G	Type D once common and may be occasionally found.
Isle of Man	240 V	50 Hz	C & G
Israel	220 V	50 Hz	C
Italy	230 V	50 Hz	C, F & L	Type L plugs/outlets may have different pin spacing.  The smaller and closer pins are for a rated current of 10 A, the bigger and wider pins are for a rated current of 16 A.  Both kinds are currently used and comply to the relevant Italian (CEI) regulations.  Some outlets have overlapping holes to accept either older or newer types.
Ivory Coast (See Côte d'Ivoire)
Jamaica	110 V	50 Hz	A & B
Japan	100 V	50/60 Hz*	A & B	*Eastern Japan 50 Hz (Tokyo, Kawasaki, Sapporo, Yokohoma, and Sendai); Western Japan 60 Hz (Osaka, Kyoto, Nagoya, Hiroshima)
Jordan	230 V	50 Hz	D, F, G & J*	*Type C may be found in some hotels.
Kenya	240 V	50 Hz	G
Kazakhstan	220 V	50 Hz	C
Kiribati	240 V	50 Hz	I
Korea, South	220 V	60 Hz	C & F*	*Type F likely to be found in offices and hotels.  110 V power with plugs A & B was previously used but is being phased out.  Older buildings may still have this, and some hotels offer both 110 V and 220 V service.
Kuwait	240 V	50 Hz	D* & G	*Type D primarily used for 15A service, Type G primarily for 13A service..
Laos	230 V	50 Hz	A B, C, E & F
Latvia	220 V	50 Hz	C & F
Lebanon	110/220 V	50 Hz	A, B, C, D & G
Lesotho	220 V	50 Hz	M
Liberia	120 V	60 Hz	A & B
Libya	127 V*	50 Hz	D & L	*Barce, Benghazi, Derna, Sebha & Tobruk 230 V
Lithuania	220 V	50 Hz	C & F
Liechtenstein	230 V	50 Hz	J
Luxembourg	220 V	50 Hz	C & F
Macau	220 V	50 Hz	D & G
Macedonia	220 V	50 Hz	C & F
Madagascar	220 V	50 Hz	C & E
Madeira	220 V	50 Hz	C & F
Malawi	230 V	50 Hz	G
Malaysia	240 V	50 Hz	G
Maldives	230 V	50 Hz	A, D, G, J, K & L
Mali	220 V	50 Hz	C & E
Malta	240 V	50 Hz	G
Martinique	220 V	50 Hz	C, D, & E
Mauritania	220 V	50 Hz	C
Mauritius	230 V	50 Hz	C & G
Mexico	127 V	60 Hz	A & B
Micronesia (Federal States of)	120 V	60 Hz	A & B
Monaco	127/220 V	50 Hz	C, D, E  F
Mongolia	220 V	50 Hz	C & E
Montenegro	220 V	50 Hz	C & F
Montserrat (Leeward Is.)	230 V	60 Hz	A & B
Morocco	127/220 V*	50 Hz	C & E	*Conversion to 220 V only underway
Mozambique	220 V	50 Hz	C, F & M*	*Type M found especially near the border with South Africa, including the capitol, Maputo.
Myanmar (formerly Burma)	230 V	50 Hz	C, D, F & G*	Type G* found primarily in better hotels.  Also,  many of major hotels chains are said to have multipurpose outlets, which will take Australian 3-pin plugs and perhaps other types.
Namibia	220 V	50 Hz	M
Nauru	240 V	50 Hz	I
Nepal	230 V	50 Hz	C & D
Netherlands	230 V	50 Hz	C & F
Netherlands Antilles	127/220 V*	50 Hz	A, B, & F	*St. Martin 120 V 60 Hz; Saba &(St. Eustatius 110 V 60 Hz A, maybe B
New Caledonia	220 V	50 Hz	F
New Zealand	230 V	50 Hz	I
Nicaragua	120 V	60 Hz	A
Niger	220 V	50 Hz	A, B, C, D, E & F
Nigeria	240 V	50 Hz	D & G
Northern Ireland (see United Kingdom)
Norway	230 V	50 Hz	C & F
Okinawa	100 V*	60 Hz	A, B & I	*Military facilities 120 V
Oman	240 V*	50 Hz	G	*Voltage variations common
Pakistan	220 V	50 Hz	C & D
Palmyra Atoll	120 V	60 Hz	A & B
Panama	110 V*	60 Hz	A, B	*Panama City 120 V
Papua New Guinea	240 V	50 Hz	I
Paraguay	220 V	50 Hz	C
Peru	220 V*	60 Hz*	A, B & C	*Talara 110/220 V; Arequipa 50 Hz
Philippines	220 V	60 Hz	A, B, C	Type A most commonly found.
Poland	230 V	50 Hz	C & E
Portugal	230 V	50 Hz	C & F
Puerto Rico	120 V	60 Hz	A & B
Qatar	240 V	50 Hz	D & G
Réunion Island	220 V	50 Hz	E
Romania	230 V	50 Hz	C & F
Russia	220 V	50 Hz	F & C	Type F used in new construction.  Type C common in older structures.
Rwanda	230 V	50 Hz	C & J
St. Kitts and Nevis (Leeward Is.)	230 V	60 Hz	D & G
St. Lucia (Windward Is.)	240 V	50 Hz	G
St. Vincent (Windward Is.)	230 V	50 Hz	A, C, E, G, I & K
Samoa	230 V	50 Hz	I
Saudi Arabia	127/220 V	60 Hz	A, B, F & G
Scotland (See United Kingdom)
Senegal	230 V	50 Hz	C, D, E & K
Serbia	220 V	50 Hz	C & F
Seychelles	240 V	50 Hz	G
Sierra Leone	230 V	50 Hz	D & G
Singapore	230 V	50 Hz	G	Type A adaptors are widely available from shops as an extension set of 2 to 5 sets of sockets; most commonly used for audio and video equipment.
Slovak Republic	230 V	50 Hz	E
Slovenia	220 V	50 Hz	C & F
Somalia	220 V*	50 Hz	C	*Berbera 230 V; Merca 110/220 V
South Africa	220/230 V*	50 Hz	M**	*Grahamstad & Port Elizabeth 250V; also found in King Williams ** Types C & G can also be found in some areas.
Spain	230 V	50 Hz	C & F	A correspondent reports that in Barcelona's Barrio Gothic, voltage is 120 V 60 Hz using Types C & F plugs.  Step up transformers are required to use typical European devices.
Sri Lanka	230 V	50 Hz	D
Sudan	230 V	50 Hz	C & D
Suriname	127 V	60 Hz	C & F
Swaziland	230 V	50 Hz	M
Sweden	230 V	50 Hz	C & F
Switzerland	230 V	50 Hz	J	Type C plugs  are common on appliances, and will fit the Type J outlet.
Syria	220 V	50 Hz	C, E, & L
Tahiti	220 V	60 Hz	A, B, E	All electrical outlets protected by ground fault circuit interruptors (GFCI).
Tajikistan	220 V	50 Hz	C & I
Taiwan	110 V	60 Hz	A, B
Tanzania	230 V	50 Hz	D & G
Thailand	220 V	50 Hz	A & C*	*Some outlets are a combination of type A and C and can accept either type plug.
Togo	220 V*	50 Hz	C	*Lome 127 V
Tonga	240 V	50 Hz	I
Trinidad & Tobago	115V	60 Hz	A & B
Tunisia	230 V	50 Hz	C &  E
Turkey	230 V	50 Hz	C & F
Turkmenistan	220 V	50 Hz	B & F
Uganda	240 V	50 Hz	G
Ukraine	220 V	50 Hz	C
United Arab Emirates	220 V*	50 Hz	G
United Kingdom	230 V*	50 Hz	G	*Outlets typically controlled by adjacent switch. Though nominal voltage has been officially changed to 230 V, 240 V is within tolerances and commonly found.
United States of America	120 V	60 Hz	A & B
Uruguay	220 V	50 Hz	C, F, I* & L	Type F becoming more common as a result of computer use.  *Neutral and line wires are reversed from that used in Australia and elsewhere.
Uzbekistan	220 V	50 Hz	C & I
Vanuatu	230 V	50 Hz	I	Some Type G may linger from British Colonial period, but are a rarity.
Venezuela	120 V	60 Hz	A & B
Vietnam	127/220 V*	50 Hz	A, C & G	*To be standardized at 220 V.  Type G found in newer hotels, primarily those built by Singaporean and Hong Kong developers.
Virgin Islands (British and U.S.)	115V	60 Hz	A & B
Wales (See United Kingdom)
Yemen, Rep. of	220/230 V	50 Hz	A, D & G
Zambia	230 V	50 Hz	C, D & G
Zimbabwe	220 V	50 Hz	D & G

MYSQL -- Commandes de base

To login (from unix shell) use -h only if needed.

# [mysql dir]/bin/mysql -h hostname -u root -p

Create a database on the sql server.

mysql> create database [databasename];

List all databases on the sql server.

mysql> show databases;

Switch to a database.

mysql> use [db name];

To see all the tables in the db.

mysql> show tables;

To see database's field formats.

mysql> describe [table name];

To delete a db.

mysql> drop database [database name];

To delete a table.

mysql> drop table [table name];

Show all data in a table.

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name];

Returns the columns and column information pertaining to the designated table.

mysql> show columns from [table name];

Show certain selected rows with the value "whatever".

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE [field name] = "whatever";

Show all records containing the name "Bob" AND the phone number '3444444'.

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE name = "Bob" AND phone_number = '3444444';

Show all records not containing the name "Bob" AND the phone number '3444444' order by the phone_number field.

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE name != "Bob" AND phone_number = '3444444' order by phone_number;

Show all records starting with the letters 'bob' AND the phone number '3444444'.

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE name like "Bob%" AND phone_number = '3444444';

Show all records starting with the letters 'bob' AND the phone number '3444444' limit to records 1 through 5.

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE name like "Bob%" AND phone_number = '3444444' limit 1,5;

Use a regular expression to find records. Use "REGEXP BINARY" to force case-sensitivity. This finds any record beginning with a.

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE rec RLIKE "^a";

Show unique records.

mysql> SELECT DISTINCT [column name] FROM [table name];

Show selected records sorted in an ascending (asc) or descending (desc).

mysql> SELECT [col1],[col2] FROM [table name] ORDER BY [col2] DESC;

Return number of rows.

mysql> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM [table name];

Sum column.

mysql> SELECT SUM(*) FROM [table name];

Join tables on common columns.

mysql> select lookup.illustrationid, lookup.personid,person.birthday from lookup left join person on lookup.personid=person.personid=statement to join birthday in person table with primary illustration id;

Creating a new user. Login as root. Switch to the MySQL db. Make the user. Update privs.

# mysql -u root -p
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> INSERT INTO user (Host,User,Password) VALUES('%','username',PASSWORD('password'));
mysql> flush privileges;

Change a users password from unix shell.

# [mysql dir]/bin/mysqladmin -u username -h hostname.blah.org -p password 'new-password'

Change a users password from MySQL prompt. Login as root. Set the password. Update privs.

# mysql -u root -p
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'user'@'hostname' = PASSWORD('passwordhere');
mysql> flush privileges;

Recover a MySQL root password. Stop the MySQL server process. Start again with no grant tables. Login to MySQL as root. Set new password. Exit MySQL and restart MySQL server.

# /etc/init.d/mysql stop
# mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &
# mysql -u root
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> update user set password=PASSWORD("newrootpassword") where User='root';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> quit
# /etc/init.d/mysql stop
# /etc/init.d/mysql start

Set a root password if there is on root password.

# mysqladmin -u root password newpassword

Update a root password.

# mysqladmin -u root -p oldpassword newpassword

Allow the user "bob" to connect to the server from localhost using the password "passwd". Login as root. Switch to the MySQL db. Give privs. Update privs.

# mysql -u root -p
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> grant usage on *.* to bob@localhost identified by 'passwd';
mysql> flush privileges;

Give user privilages for a db. Login as root. Switch to the MySQL db. Grant privs. Update privs.

# mysql -u root -p
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> INSERT INTO db (Host,Db,User,Select_priv,Insert_priv,Update_priv,Delete_priv,Create_priv,Drop_priv) VALUES ('%','databasename','username','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','N');
mysql> flush privileges;

or

mysql> grant all privileges on databasename.* to username@localhost;
mysql> flush privileges;

To update info already in a table.

mysql> UPDATE [table name] SET Select_priv = 'Y',Insert_priv = 'Y',Update_priv = 'Y' where [field name] = 'user';

Delete a row(s) from a table.

mysql> DELETE from [table name] where [field name] = 'whatever';

Update database permissions/privilages.

mysql> flush privileges;

Delete a column.

mysql> alter table [table name] drop column [column name];

Add a new column to db.

mysql> alter table [table name] add column [new column name] varchar (20);

Change column name.

mysql> alter table [table name] change [old column name] [new column name] varchar (50);

Make a unique column so you get no dupes.

mysql> alter table [table name] add unique ([column name]);

Make a column bigger.

mysql> alter table [table name] modify [column name] VARCHAR(3);

Delete unique from table.

mysql> alter table [table name] drop index [colmn name];

Load a CSV file into a table.

mysql> LOAD DATA INFILE '/tmp/filename.csv' replace INTO TABLE [table name] FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' LINES TERMINATED BY '\n' (field1,field2,field3);

Dump all databases for backup. Backup file is sql commands to recreate all db's.

# [mysql dir]/bin/mysqldump -u root -ppassword --opt >/tmp/alldatabases.sql

Dump one database for backup.

# [mysql dir]/bin/mysqldump -u username -ppassword --databases databasename >/tmp/databasename.sql

Dump a table from a database.

# [mysql dir]/bin/mysqldump -c -u username -ppassword databasename tablename > /tmp/databasename.tablename.sql

Restore database (or database table) from backup.

# [mysql dir]/bin/mysql -u username -ppassword databasename < /tmp/databasename.sql

Create Table Example 1.

mysql> CREATE TABLE [table name] (firstname VARCHAR(20), middleinitial VARCHAR(3), lastname VARCHAR(35),suffix VARCHAR(3),officeid VARCHAR(10),userid VARCHAR(15),username VARCHAR(8),email VARCHAR(35),phone VARCHAR(25), groups VARCHAR(15),datestamp DATE,timestamp time,pgpemail VARCHAR(255));

Create Table Example 2.

mysql> create table [table name] (personid int(50) not null auto_increment primary key,firstname varchar(35),middlename varchar(50),lastnamevarchar(50) default 'bato');

Manage Users : 

To show the users in a MySQL database, first log into your MySQL server as an administrative user, then run this MySQL query:

select * from mysql.user;

This MySQL users query shows a large listing of MySQL user information, including MySQL permission information, so you may want to trim down some of the fields to display. You can get a listing of the fields in the mysql.user table by running this command:

desc mysql.user;

On my current MySQL server this shows the following 37 columns of information, as shown here:

mysql> desc mysql.user;
+-----------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field                 | Type                              | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Host                  | char(60)                          | NO   | PRI |         |       | 
| User                  | char(16)                          | NO   | PRI |         |       | 
| Password              | char(41)                          | NO   |     |         |       | 
| Select_priv           | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N       |       | 
| Insert_priv           | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N       |       | 
| Update_priv           | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N       |       | 
| Delete_priv           | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N       |       | 
| Create_priv           | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N       |       | 
| Drop_priv             | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N       |       | 
| Reload_priv           | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N       |       | 
| Shutdown_priv         | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N       |       | 
| Process_priv          | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N       |       | 
| File_priv             | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N       |       | 
| Grant_priv            | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N       |       | 
| References_priv       | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N       |       | 
| Index_priv            | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N       |       | 
| Alter_priv            | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N       |       | 
| Show_db_priv          | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N       |       | 
| Super_priv            | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N       |       | 
| Create_tmp_table_priv | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N       |       | 
| Lock_tables_priv      | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N       |       | 
| Execute_priv          | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N       |       | 
| Repl_slave_priv       | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N       |       | 
| Repl_client_priv      | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N       |       | 
| Create_view_priv      | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N       |       | 
| Show_view_priv        | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N       |       | 
| Create_routine_priv   | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N       |       | 
| Alter_routine_priv    | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N       |       | 
| Create_user_priv      | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N       |       | 
| ssl_type              | enum('','ANY','X509','SPECIFIED') | NO   |     |         |       | 
| ssl_cipher            | blob                              | NO   |     | NULL    |       | 
| x509_issuer           | blob                              | NO   |     | NULL    |       | 
| x509_subject          | blob                              | NO   |     | NULL    |       | 
| max_questions         | int(11) unsigned                  | NO   |     | 0       |       | 
| max_updates           | int(11) unsigned                  | NO   |     | 0       |       | 
| max_connections       | int(11) unsigned                  | NO   |     | 0       |       | 
| max_user_connections  | int(11) unsigned                  | NO   |     | 0       |       | 
+-----------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
37 rows in set (0.10 sec)

For most cases you'll probably want to limit your MySQL users information to a few important columns, something like this:

select host, user, password from mysql.user;

Sources : 

http://www.pantz.org/software/mysql/mysqlcommands.html

http://www.devdaily.com/blog/post/mysql/show-users-i-ve-created-in-mysql-database

Transférer cacti vers un autre serveur

- Old Server:

1. Stop Cacti from running by removing or moving the crontab job from /etc/cron.d. I just moved it to root's home area in case I need it again.

2. Backup the cacti database:
mysqldump -u root -p cacti > cacti_export.sql
(-u username -p prompt me for the password database_name > sql file)

3. Copy the cacti_export.sql file to the new server.

4. Copy the rra, scripts, and any other modified files to the corresponding directory on the new server.
scp -r /var/www/cacti/rra/* root@violet:/var/www/html/cacti/rra/


- New Server:

1. Create the cacti databases, import old database, and set appropriate permissions.

mysqladmin --user=root create cacti
mysql -u root -p cacti < /root/cacti_export.sql mysql -u root -p cacti mysql> GRANT ALL ON cacti.* TO cactiuser@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'the password of cactiuser';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> quit;

2. Verify the permissions are set correctly on the rra/ and log/ directories in cacti's home area.
chown -R cactiuser:cactiuser rra/ log/
It never hurts to make sure, especially after you have copied files from another server.

3. I then go to the log/ directory and tail -f the cacti.log and watch for the next crontab job to run and hopefully see good results.

I think that is all I had to do, but this is the best I can remember. If you have SNMP access lists on your devices or any firewall rules in your path, always make sure to change them to reflect the new server.

EXTRAS:

I install the cacti plugin architecture, www.cactiusers.org, primarily the thold plugin. The steps are easy to follow, so I leave you to follow their documentation.


Source : http://cainsplace.blogspot.com/2007/05/moving-cacti-from-one-linux-server-to.html

Autologin :

Windows :
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/310584